ผลกระทบการใช้พลังงานทดแทนจากการผลิตแอลกอฮอล์จากอ้อย และกากน้ำตาล

บทคัดย่อ

The research project aim was to study various aspects impacts of production of ethanol from sugar cane and molasses in if we turn to use ethanol as renewable energy. The results from this research revealed that Thailand has high potential in manufacturing sugar cane because of the geography, weather and resources in the ground. The soil structure was suitable for growth, in other words, the soil is friable. To grow, the earth should be ploughed with the depth different from the original level. The pH value should be between 6.0 and 7.5. Harvest of sugar cane i. e, the sugar cane leaves should never be burned because it affects organic substances in the ground and the sweetness of the sugar cane gets reduced. In terms of production technology, it was found that Thailand still recognizes the development of technology in mature stage of technical progress because the approach in science, technology and innovation development of Thailand is reverse engineering; that is intended to import the ethanol production technology. When the learning potential increases, it will be developed until it becomes our own technology. At present, the learning mechanism of ethanol production technology is at the research stage. As for the impact on environment, the analysis of the eco-efficiency shows that in 2004-2008 the eco-efficiency from gasohol towards the environment impact in terms of greenhouse gas emission changed from “half non eco-efficiency” to “half eco-efficiency”. This means that it was worth. The result from the survey on the reliability of ethanol as fuel through the questionnaire shows that the decision to choose ethanol as fuel by most car users was based more on price factor, effects on engine and convenience at gas stations. According to the study results, it could be concluded in terms of suggestions as follows: The governmental sector should support the research and development to improve sugar cane breeding and communication to agriculturists about how to grow, harvest and improve the soil to increase continuous productivity. The governmental sector should implement policies to encourage private sectors to invest in the research and development of production technology to have our own technology. Moreover, the price should be set at appropriate point to promote and increase the confidence in continuous consumption. There should be a clear policy on fuel type to increase the confidence in private sectors to invest in the installment of E20 and E85 pump heads. The law which is not useful for the industry of ethanol production should be revised, for example, the National Act about Sugarcane and Granulated Sugar B.E.2527 (1984) which indicated the area to grow alternative energy. The distribution of income for agriculturists should be fair to reduce the problem of imbalance between the area for growing plants for alternative energy and the income of agriculturists. Moreover, the loophole of the National Act about Fuel Trade B.E.2543 (2000) should be plugged to make it clearer and fairer for all parties involved. To illustrate, Section 7 indicates that the small ethanol producers must trade in the national markets for gas traders as in Section 7 only. This had a direct impact on the community of ethanol producers and brought the gas traders as in Section 7 huge advantages.

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