การจัดการท่องเที่ยวตามอัตลักษณ์และวิถีชุมชนในเขตพื้นที่แหล่งท่องเที่ยวเชิงนิเวศพื้นที่ภาคใต้

บทคัดย่อ

The research study was aimed to 1) study the identity and community of tourism in Southern Thailand and 2) study the processes and the integration of government, private and people sections in the policy proposal making and the tourism identify presentation strategies. The 14 provinces in southern Thailand were selected as the study area and divided into 3 groups, i.e. provinces on the Gulf of Thailand (Chumphon, Suratthani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Phatthalung), provinces on Andaman coast (Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi and Trang) and provinces on southern border (Songkla, Satun, Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat). The data were collected from 5 groups of the representatives, i.e., the tourism enterprises and guides, the tourism associations and clubs, the tourism government agencies, the local administrative organizations and tourism communities, and tourists. The qualitative research on the documentary, indepth interview and observation were conducted and the descriptive statistics were presented. The research results indicated the community identity on the notable southern dialect and words in 3 studied area. For the southern provinces on the Gulf of Thailand, most of the dishes were fresh sea foods. Fishery, gardening and rice farming were the main livelihood in this area. Moreover, the natural tourism attractions, handicrafts and local wisdom were remarkable. For the southern provinces on Andaman coast, the rich of Thai-Chinese culture and traditions, and the marine tourism attractions were noticeable. Fishery, gardening, rice farming and tourism enterprises were the main livelihood in this area. For the provinces on southern border, Yawi and Malayan were the main spoken languages as most of the local people were Muslims. Thai official and Southern dialect were also used among local Buddhism people. Food stuffs were obtained from the seas, forests and mountains. Fishery and gardening were the main livelihood. The multicultural acculturation was adopted from many groups of local people. In addition, the handicrafts and local wisdom were also remarkable. On the aspect of the integration of government, private and people sections, the networking of policy proposal making and the southern tourism identify presentation strategies were investigated. The prominent and internationally potential tourism sites of beach, islands and ecotourism, for example sites for diving, climbing, and famous islands such as Phi Phi island, Surin island national park and Lipe island were located on all 3 areas. The diversity of ecosystem such as mangrove forest, forests and mineral spring were also the tourist attractions and health tourism sites. Furthermore, Koh Yo woven, the tenth lunar month festival, Chak Phra custom, vegetarian festival, etc., were the famous customs attracted tourists. There were many facilities and services supporting the development to the world class marine tourism attractions, i.e., the international airports in Krabi, Phuket and Songkla; the modern international harbors and yacht clubs in Phuket, and the tourism academic institutes. The three recommended strategic frameworks for the development of southern provinces were S-O Strategies, W-O Strategies and S-T Strategies in order to promote the potential using external opportunity, solve the weakness and exploit the external factor opportunity, and turn the crisis into the development opportunity, respectively. However, three strategies, including of 1) the development of product and supply on the attractions, ecotourism products, local traditions; 2) the development of marketing and demand on the integrated tourism markets; and 3) the development of product and supply on the southern tourism management mechanism, were recommended.

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